Ecolinguística

A história de uma ideia verde para o estudo da linguagem

Authors

  • Alwin Fill Universidade de Graz

Keywords:

History of ecolinguistics; Anthropocentrism; language ecologies.

Abstract

This article sketches the history of ecolinguistics, showing that its seed were already in authors such as Humboldt, Sapir and Whorf. The first investigator to associate ‘language’ and ‘ecology’ was Voegelin and collaborators. But, the first to suggest the use of the ecology metaphor in language studies was Einar Haugen, who was followed by William Makey, Norman Denison and Harald Haarmann. The article also shows that the term ‘ecolinguistics’ was first used in print in 1976, by Henri Gobard, and, a little later, by Kurt Salzinzer, in 1979, and by Claude Hagège in 1985. Further, three branches of ecolinguistics emerging (linguistic ecology, ecology of language, and ecology of languages). Among the other themes investigated by ecolinguistics we find anthropocentrism, sometimes hidden under euphemism. Ecolinguistics is relatively consolidated, and its future is promising, although ecolinguists must show how it can contribute to rescue endangered languages as well as how to do “transdiciplinary” researches. Which methods to use. In the end, Haugen’s proposal has been shown to be very fruitful.  

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Author Biography

Alwin Fill, Universidade de Graz

Especialista em linguistica aplicada e professor de inglês na Universidade de Graz (Austria), onde se aposentou em 2010, mas continua ativo em pesquisas, publicacões e participação em eventos. Já em 1987 Fill falava em ecolinguística, como no livro Wörter zu Pflugscharen: Versuch einer Ökologie der Sprache, Viena: Bohlau). É autor do primeiro livro de introducão à ecolinguística (Ökolinguistik: Eine Einführung, Tubingen: Gunte Narr, 1993), além de diversos outros livros individuais e coletâneas. Uma coletânea marcante é The ecolinguistics reader (Londres: Continuum, 2001), organizada com Peter Mühlhäusler. Uma de suas últimas obras é The language impact: evolution, system, discourse, Londres: Equinox, 2010). Esse livro é um apanhado geral da história das ideias linguísticas, com a finalidade de demonstrar a tese de que o surgimento da língua na espécie humana foi semelhante ao impacto de um meteoro na terra.

References

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FILL, F. A. Ecolinguistics ”“ State of the Art 1998. In: Fill; Mühlhäusler (orgs.), 2001, p. 43-53. [originalmente publicado em 1998].

_______. The Language Impact. Evolution ”“ System ”“ Discourse. Londre: Equinox, 2010.

_______; Mühlhäusler, Peter (orgs.). The Ecolinguistics Reader. Language, Ecology and Environment. Londres: Continuum, 2001.

FISCHER, L. The Conservation of Conversation beyond English. In: FILL, F. A; TRAMPE, W; (orgs.) Colourful Green Ideas. Berna: Peter Lang, 2002, p. 59-76.

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_______. Die Kleinsprachen der Welt. Existenzbedrohung und Überlebenschancen. Eine umfassende Dokumentation. Frankfurt/M: Peter Lang, 2001.

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HALLIDAY, M. “New ways of meaning: the challenge to Applied Linguistics,” in: Fill / Mühlhäusler (orgs.). 2001 p. 175-202 [originalmente publicado em 1990]

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HAUGEN, E. The Ecology of Language. Essays by Einar Haugen. Ed. Anwar S. Dil. Stanford: Stanford U.P., 1972.

_______. The Ecology of Language. In: Fill; Mühlhäusler (orgs.), 2001, p. 57-66 [originalmente publicado em Haugen (1972: 325-339)].

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MAKKAI, A. “Die Welt als Bewusstsein und Paraphrase. Zur gesamtökologischen Fundierung des menschlichen Sprachverständnisses mit besonderer Berücksichtigung der Sprachphilosophie Wilhelm von Humboldts. In: Fill, Alwin (org.). Sprachökologie und Ökolinguistik, Tübingen:.Linguistic Ecology. Language change and linguistic imperialism in the Pacific Region. Londres, Nova York: Routledge, 1996.

_______. Humboldt, Whorf and the Roots of Ecolinguistics. LAUD working paper. Ser. A, 442. Essen: LAUD, 1998.

_______. Language of Environment ”“ Environment of Language. Londres: Battlebridge, 2003.

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_______; Romaine, Suzanne. Vanishing Voices. The Extinction of the World’s Languages. Oxford: OUP, 2000.

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SALZINGER, K. Ecolinguistics: A radical behavior theory approach to language behavior. In: Aaronson, Doris; Rieber, Robert W. (orgs.) Psycholinguistic research: Implications and applications. Nova York: Erlbaum, 1979, p. 109-129.

SCHULTZ, B. Language and the Natural Environment. In: Fill, Alwin; Mühlhäusler, Peter (orgs.), 2001, p. 109-114 (publicado primeiro em 1992).

SUTHERLAND, W J.. Parallel extinction risk and global distribution of languages and species. Nature 423, 2003, p. 276-279 (Cartas a Nature, 15/03/2003).

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_______. Ecolinguistics: a Retrospect and a Prospect. In: Kettemann, B.; Marko, G. (orgs.). ECOnstructing Language, Nature and Society. The Ecolinguistic Project Revisited. Tübingen: Stauffenburg, 2000, p. 33-48.

VOEGELIN, Carl F.; Voegelin, Florence Marie. “Languages of the World. Native America Fascicle One,” Anthropological Linguistics v. 6, n. 6, 1964, p. 2-45.

(Este texto está também no livro O paradigma ecológico nas ciências da linguagem: Coletânea de ensaios clássicos e contemporâneos, Goiânia: Editora da UFG, 2015,organizado por Hildo H. do Couto, Elza K.N.N. do Couto, Gilberto P. de Araújo & Davi B. de Albuquerque).

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Published

2015-05-10

How to Cite

Fill, A. (2015). Ecolinguística: A história de uma ideia verde para o estudo da linguagem. Ecolinguística: Revista Brasileira De Ecologia E Linguagem (ECO-REBEL), 1(1), 07–21. Retrieved from https://www.periodicos.unb.br/index.php/erbel/article/view/9921

Issue

Vol. 1 No. 1 (2015)

Section

Articles

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