Reflexões bioéticas sobre a “desextinção” de espécies
Palavras-chave:
Desextinção. Bioética. Clonagem animal. Engenharia genética. Translocação de espécies.Resumo
Uma ideia sugerida nos últimos anos para conservar a biodiversidade e recuperar ecossistemas é a desextinção, que se baseia no uso de abordagens moleculares para trazer organismos extintos e/ou sua função novamente. Três abordagens foram sugeridas para a desextinção, são elas reprodução seletiva, clonagem e engenharia genética, todas consideradas problemáticas e sem um benefício concreto. Consequentemente, diversas implicações bioéticas foram apontadas acerca da implementação da desextinção. Este artigo teve por objetivo revisar a literatura sobre o assunto a fim de identificar as principais questões bioéticas levantadas por autores. Foram identificadas diversas questões bioéticas, dentre as mais citadas a ausência de ecossistemas originais de espécies extintas, redução da sensibilidade governamental quanto às atuais práticas de conservação e violações do bem-estar dos indivíduos envolvidos. Consideramos que há muitos assuntos a serem debatidos e que os principais fatores limitantes da desextinção são os aspectos evolutivos que ela não devolverá à natureza, levando a gastos desnecessários e diversos riscos envolvidos.
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