¿Qué lugar ocupan actores sociales en el contexto de servicios ecosistémicos? Una revisión en áreas de ecología y biología de la conservación
DOI :
https://doi.org/10.18472/SustDeb.v10n1.2019.19986Résumé
El enfoque de Servicios Ecosistémicos (SE) constituye una herramienta utilizada para abordar problemáticas ambientales. La valoración de SE en términos ecológicos, monetarios o socioculturales es un elemento clave de esta perspectiva. Realizamos una revisión de artículos científicos centrados en SE publicados entre 2005-2017 en revistas de ecología y biología de la conservación, investigando la forma en que se recuperan voces de diferentes actores sociales (AS). Los resultados indican que predominan las valoraciones ecológica y monetaria por sobre la valoración sociocultural, y que esta última se realiza de una manera que consideramos superficial -sin abordar conflictos entre diferentes AS, y con los investigadores seleccionando los SE a valorar. Considerando que los conflictos vinculados con SE están inmersos en contextos sociales complejos, descuidar “dimensiones sociales”, puede llevar a omitir distancias culturales, diferencias de clase, ubicación geográfica, estilo de vida, y esto puede llevar al desarrollo de opciones de gestión inviables o perjudiciales para los AS involucrados.
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